Complete active recall and situational practice covering Neonatal Physiology, EINC/Unang Yakap, Primitive Reflexes, Growth & Development Theories, Milestones, and Clinical Decision Matrices.
Select specific pediatric subjects, round size, and feedback mode.
Instant differential table connecting neonatal & developmental scenarios with immediate priorities, clinical flags, and common pitfalls.
| Mechanism | Definition | Prevention Strategy |
|---|---|---|
| Evaporation | Loss via moisture converting to vapor (wet amniotic fluid) | Thoroughly dry body & hair; apply cap immediately |
| Conduction | Loss to cooler solid object in direct contact | Pre-warm scale, use warm blankets, skin-to-skin |
| Convection | Loss to moving cooler air currents or drafts | Keep away from A/C units, closed doors/windows |
| Radiation | Loss to cooler solid objects not in direct contact | Keep crib away from cold exterior walls/windows |
| Parameter | Normal Range | High-Yield Clinical Alert |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate | 120–140 bpm (110–160 range) | Full minute apical; <100 = bradycardia, >160 = tachycardia |
| Respirations | 30–60 breaths/min | Periodic breathing (pauses 5–10s) is normal; grunting/flaring is not |
| Temperature | 37.2°C birth / 36.5–37.5°C axillary | <36.5°C = cold stress (metabolizes brown fat, risks acidosis) |
| Blood Pressure | 80/46 mmHg (birth) → 100/50 | Always check bilateral femoral pulses (Coarctation of Aorta) |
| Weight | 2.5 to 3.4 kg | 5–10% physiologic weight loss in first 10 days; doubles at 4–6m |
| Head Circ. (HC) | 34–35 cm | 1–2 cm larger than Chest Circumference (CC: 32–33 cm) |
| Reflex | Elicitation & Response | Expected Disappearance |
|---|---|---|
| Moro | Sudden drop/jar → bilateral arm abduction/extension then adduction | Fades by 4th–5th month |
| Tonic Neck (ATNR) | Head turned to side → 'Fencing posture' (ipsilateral arm extends) | Fades by 2nd–3rd month |
| Palmar Grasp | Object placed in palm → strong grasp | Fades by 6th week to 3 months |
| Step-in-Place | Held upright on surface → stepping movements | Fades by 3rd month |
| Babinski | Stroke lateral sole → dorsiflexion of great toe, fanning of toes | Disappears by 3rd month |
| Landau | Held prone horizontally → head/back/hips extend (no 'U' sag) | Appears 3m; disappears 12–24m |
| Parachute | Sudden forward thrust → arms extend forward protective | Appears 6–9m; PERSISTS FOR LIFE |
| Age Stage | Freud (Psychosexual) | Erikson (Psychosocial) | Piaget (Cognitive) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infant (0–1y) | Oral: Sucking/mouth satisfaction | Trust vs. Mistrust: Security & consistent caregiver | Sensorimotor: Object permanence at 10m |
| Toddler (1–3y) | Anal: Sphincter control/toileting | Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt: Safe choices ('No!') | Preoperational (Preconceptual): Egocentrism |
| Preschool (3–5y) | Phallic: Genital curiosity/castration | Initiative vs. Guilt: Creative/fantasy play | Preoperational (Intuitive): Magical thinking, 'Why?' |
| School-Age (6–12y) | Latency: Intellectual/social focus | Industry vs. Inferiority: Task completion | Concrete Operational: Conservation/logic |
| Adolescent (13–18y) | Genital: Mature sexuality | Identity vs. Role Confusion: Peer identity | Formal Operational: Abstract reasoning |